Corvette Fuel Injection & Electronic Engine Management 1982-2001

Corvette Index:

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A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

A

About this book, 4-6
Acceleration, spark control for, 62-63
Acceleration enrichment, 177, 192
Acceleration Simulation Mode
(ASM), 42
Accelerator Pedal Position (APP)
sensor, 83-84, 280, 319
Actuators, 16, 111, 117-148. See also Injectors
air/fuel ratio control, 118-125
emission control, 139-143
idle rpm control, 125-128
information controls, 143-144
locations, 91-98, 146-148
overview, 117
relays and controls, 145
secondary air inlet control (SAIC)
ZR-1, 129-130
spark control, 131-139
terminology, 117
Thermostatic Air Cleaner (Thermac) L83 TBI, 131
Adaptive control, 34-35
Air, bypass, 11, 125
Air conditioner
compressor, 177, 294-295, 341-342
idle-speed stabilization and, 34
switches, 90
Throttle Position sensor and, 82
Air density. See also Mass Air Flow (MAF)
measurement of, 70
temperature, effect of, 19, 75
Air filters, 195-196, 206
Airflow, 19-21, 190. See also Mass Air Flow (MAF)
increasing, 191, 195-200
measurement, 254
throttle and, 21
Air/fuel mixtures, 7-8
Air/fuel ratio, 16-18, 31
actuator operation and, 118-124, 170
adaptive control, 34-35
air pressure, effect of, 21
basic combustible mixture, 16-17
Closed Loop control, 29
diagnosis, 211, 218, 227, 229, 232
Engine Coolant Temperature sensor and, 75
Open Loop control, 27
Oxygen Sensor operation and, 77, 79, 170-172
performance and, 192
pollutants, effect on, 45
Read Only Memory, role of, 106-107
rich and lean mixtures, 17, 40, 77, 79, 80, 109-111, 175, 177, 192
stoichiometric (ideal) ratio, 17-18, 45, 193-194
Air Injection (AIR), 31, 46-48, 170, 172, 218. See also Secondary Air Injection (AIR)
wiring diagrams, 284, 322, 337, 346, 356, 369, 370, 377
Air intake. See also Intake Air
Temperature (IAT)
controlling, 21-25
ramming intake air, 22-25
throttle, role of, 21
Air pump, 47-48, 127, 176-177, 307
Air pump relay, 145, 176
Amperes, 111
Analog signals, 105
Analog VOM tool, 114
Antilock Braking System (ABS)
control modules, 116
sensors, 64
wheel speed sensors, 88, 128
Anti-Slip Regulation, 128
Automatic transmission (A/T). See also Torque Converter Clutch (TCC)
control module, 103
idle learn procedure, 263
sensors, 90
wiring diagrams, 287-290, 324-325, 339-340, 350, 352

B

Backfire, diagnosis of, 232-233
Backprobing, 246-247
Barometric (atmospheric) pressure, 25-26, 161, 190, 191
Barometric Pressure (BARO) sensor, 72, 161
Battery, disconnecting, 220
Battery voltage correction, 33-34, 180
Baud rate, 106
Bendix fuel injection systems, overview of, 8-9
Bidirectional data, 106
Block Learn. See Short-Term Fuel Trim (STFT)
Blocks, data, 107
Bolt-ons. See Tuning
Bosch fuel injection systems
injectors, diagrams of, 120-121
overview of, 9
Brake switch, 90, 247
Bypass air, 11, 125
Bypass timing, 59-60, 175

C

Cadillac Digital Fuel Injection (DFI), 9
CAFE (Corporate Average Fuel
Economy), 51-52, 185-186, 230-231
Calibration Pack (CAL-PAC), 33, 101, 103-104
California Air Resources Board (CARB), 185, 188
CaMshaft Position (CMP) sensor, 59-64, 68-70, 172
CranKshaft Position (CKP) sensor and, 64, 66, 69
wiring diagrams, 273, 274, 304, 315, 366, 374
Canister vapor purge, 49-50, 163-167, 170, 173, 218, 307
Carbon dioxide (CO2), 41, 43, 48
Carbon monoxide (CO), 38, 41, 45, 47, 48
levels, diagnosis of, 218, 225
standards, 53
winter oxygenates use and, 55
Carburetion, 8
Catalytic converter, 46, 48-49, 170-171, 189, 193-194. See also Three-way catalysts (TWC)
AIR and, 47-48
diagnosis, 218
leaded fuel and, 53
misfire detection and, 64, 193
overheat, 179
protection, 33
removal, 206
Central Control Module (CCM), 115-116
Central fuel injectors, 118. See also Throttle body injection (TBI)
Central Processing Unit (CPU), 100, 103, 105-106
interrupts, 106
processing speed, 106
Check Engine light, 143-144, 185
Chip modules and chips, 201
Chuggles, diagnosis of, 227-228
Clear flood, 32, 177
Closed Loop control, 28-31, 170-173
acceleration, 177
AIR pump operation and, 47
diagnosis, 211, 214-215, 218
emission control, 172-173
engine conditions, adjusting to changes in, 34
engine speed/injector timing, 172
during idle, 34
Knock Sensor and, 85, 172
Open Loop switched to, 176
Oxygen Sensor operation, 77, 79, 170-172
performance and, 193-194
spark timing, 172
stoichiometric operation, 45, 193-194
Wide Open Throttle acceleration, 32
Cold engine, start of (cold crank). See Starts
Cold-Start Valve (CSV) (Cold Start Injector (CSI)), 124-125, 175
Computer Aided Gear Shift (CAGS), 51, 145, 186-187
Computer Command Control Ignition (C3I), 11, 45
Computer control. See Control
module; Engine control; Feedback; Feedforward
Computer Operation Pulses (COP), 33
Continuity check, 248
Continuous test-trouble codes, 180-181
Control modules, 83, 99-116, 212
Central Processing Unit (CPU), 100, 103, 105-106
diagnosis, 226
input conditioning, 105
jobs done by, 103
memory types, 106-111 (See also specific types)
output control, 111-114
overview, 100
power, 111
restoring/retaining memory, 109, 220
transmission control, 103
types and locations, 100-103
wiring diagrams, 297-301
Coolant Temperature Sensor (CTS). See Engine Coolant Temperature (ECT) sensor
Cranking enrichment, 32
Crankshaft position, 59-61, 64, 67-69, 172
CranKshaft Position (CKP) sensor, 59, 64-69, 137-139, 170, 172
wiring diagrams, 273, 274, 304, 315
Crankshaft rpm, 59-61, 172
Cross-fire injection. See Throttle body injection (TBI)
Cruise, closed loop operation, 170-172
Cruise control, 29-30, 128, 278, 318, 335

Cuts out, diagnosis of, 230
Cylinder identification, 59-60, 62, 64, 69

D

Data Link Connector (DLC), 106, 115-116
wiring diagrams, 267, 268, 312, 329, 349, 357, 371, 379
Data sensors, engine, 281-282, 320, 333, 344, 351, 358, 364, 372
Deceleration, 178
Detonation, diagnosis of, 229
Diagnosis, 209-244. See also On Board Diagnostic (OBD); Trouble codes
backfire, 232-233
cuts out or misses, 230
dashboard display of DTCs, 224
detonation/spark knock, 229
diagnostic flowchart, 221
diagnostic worksheet, 222
dieseling, run-on, 232
exhaust system restricted, 234
fuel economy, poor, 230-231
hard start, 226-227
hesitation, sag, stumble, 229-230
idle, rough, unstable, incorrect, 231-232
intermittents, 226
overview, 210-212
phase information, 225
power lacking, sluggishness,
sponginess, 228
preliminary checks, general, 226
stalling, 231-232
surges/chuggles, 227-228
visual/physical check, general, 226
Diagnostic Circuit Check, 212-213
Diagnostic trouble codes (DTC). See Trouble codes
Dieseling, diagnosis of, 232
Digital signals, 105
Distributor, ozone venting in, 63, 134
Distributor Ignition (DI), 59, 60, 131-136, 258
Distributor reference systems, 59-70
Driveability, 190, 222, 227-232
Driver information, 143
Driving cycles, OBD-II diagnostics, 219-220
Dwell control, 19, 132
Dwell time, increasing, 33-34
Dynamometer testing, for emissions, 42, 187, 189

E

Electrical load, 34
Electrical problems, servicing, 247-250
Electrojector, 9
Electromagnetic interference, 230, 231, 232, 233
Electronically Erasable PROM
(EE-PROM), 102, 103, 106, 170, 187
calibration, changing, 188
reprogramming, 106, 107, 201
Electronic Brake and Traction Control Module (EBTCM), 83, 88, 116
wiring diagrams (See Wiring diagrams, LS1 1998-2001 VIN G)
Electronic engine control. See Engine control
Electronic Engine Management, 143-144
Electronic fuel injection (EFI). See Multiport fuel injection (MFI)
Electronic Ignition (EI), 59, 68, 136-139
bypass, 139
servicing, 259-261
Electronic Spark Control (ESC), 60, 85-88, 102, 131
Electronic Spark Timing (EST), 59-60, 128, 131-132, 138, 139. See also Spark timing (ignition)
Electronic Throttle Control (ETC). See Throttle Actuator Control (TAC)
Emission control system, 11, 31, 38-50. See also Catalytic converter; Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR)
actuators, 139-143
air/fuel ratio, effect of pollutants on, 45-46
canister purge-evaporative fuel vapor, 49-50, 163-167
diagnosis and testing, 41-43, 187, 189, 218, 220, 225
Engine Coolant Temperature sensor and, 75
green standards for, 38
improvements in, 210
misfire detection, 63
modifications
certification of, 185, 188
legality of, 187-188
Oxygen Sensors and, 171
Read Only Memory, role of, 107
spark timing, effect of, 19, 46
Throttle Position sensor and, 82
during warm-up, 176-177
Emissions. See also Pollutants
combustion byproducts, 38-41
harmful-controlled, 43
harmless-not controlled, 43
limits, 43-44
measuring, 41-42, 187, 189
smog formation, 44-45, 52-53, 168, 189

Engine conditions, changes in, 34-35
Engine control, 5, 11, 15-35. See also Closed Loop control; Control module; Emission control system; Open Loop control; Sensors
basic factors, 16-21
chip modules and chips, replacement of, 201
conflicting demands on, 50
controlling air intake, 21-25
diagnosis, 35
engine conditions, 34-35
feedback/feedforward, 30
idle-speed stabilization, 34
pressure management, 25-27
strategies-operating modes
(See Strategies)
Engine Control Module (ECM).
See Control module
Engine Coolant Temperature (ECT)
AIR pump operation and, 47
checking, 226, 228
diagnosis, 218
idle rpm and, 176
thermostat modification and, 204
throttle opening and, 83
transmission operation and, 90
Engine Coolant Temperature (ECT) sensor, 31, 33, 35, 75, 103
analog signals, 105
checking, 263
diagnosis, 227
idle air control and, 175
modification of, 204
Engine cooling fans, 177, 229
relay(s), 145, 370, 378
wiring diagrams, 296, 343, 348, 355, 361, 370, 378
Engine cooling system, diagnosis of, 229, 231, 233
Engine data sensors. See Data
sensors, engine
Engine load, 19-21
emissions testing and, 42, 189
idle rpm, effect on, 34
sensors, 70-74
spark timing, effect on, 18-20
Engine mechanical, diagnosis of,
227-233
Engine Oil Pressure (EOP) switches, 88, 154, 310
Engine Oil Temperature (EOT) switches, 88
Engine speed. See also Rpm
engine load, calculation of, 70
injector timing, 172
spark timing, effect on, 18
Executive Order numbers (E.O.#), 185, 188
Exhaust gas analyzers, 226
Exhaust Gas Oxygen (EGO) sensor, 47, 76
Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR), 31, 46-47, 75, 140, 170, 172-173, 177, 211
Closed Loop fuel injection, effect on, 173
diagnosis, 218, 220, 227
Engine Coolant Temperature sensor and, 75
negative backpressure, 140-141
removal of, 205-206
wiring diagrams, 336, 346, 352, 361, 368
Exhaust gas treatment, 46-49. See also Air injection (AIR); Catalytic converter; Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR)
Exhaust system, check of restricted, 234

F

Feedback, 30
Feedforward, 30
switches, 88-90
Filters
air, 195-196, 206
fuel, 152, 154, 227-233
Firing order information, 59-60, 68
Flood, clear. See Clear flood
Fluid Pressure switch, 90
Foot-full-down cranking, 32
Formaldehyde (HCHO), 45
Fuel. See also Air/fuel ratio
additives, 53, 56, 195, 206
contaminated, 227-229, 231-233
conventional, 55
leaded, 53, 195
new, 52-56 (See also Oxygenates)
octane, 53, 85
reformulated, 55-56
volatility, 53-54
winter oxygenated, 55
Fuel Backup mode (limp home), 33, 35, 101, 103, 180
Fuel Cut-Off mode, 32-34, 177-179
Fuel delivery-circulatory system, 149-168, 211. See also Fuel pump; Fuel vapor control (EVAP)
diagnosis, 220, 227-233
fuel rail assembly, 156-162
fuel tanks, 150-152, 304, 305
modifications
adding more fuel, 192-193, 200
fuel metering, 192
overview, 150
servicing, 250-254
Fuel economy, 51-52. See also CAFE (Corporate Average Fuel Economy)
gas guzzler tax, 51, 185-186
poor fuel economy, diagnosis of,
230-231
Fuel injection-general. See also
Injectors
applications, 11-13
background, 2-4, 8-9
basics of, 7-9
carburetors compared, 8
terminology, 6-7
types, 9-11
Fuel level sensors, 275, 316
Fuel metering, 19-21, 123, 192
Fuel pressure, 25
absolute, 159
damper, 152
diagnosis, 227-233
engine-off pressure, checking, 251
engine-running pressure, checking, 252-253
measurement, 25-27
port injection, 122
recommended port fuel pressures, 164
relative, 159-162
relieving prior to service, 251
Fuel Pressure Regulator (FPR), 152, 156-162, 192
modifications, 200-201
vacuum line, disconnecting, 205
Fuel pump, 173
diagnosis, 227
electrical circuit, 154-156
high-flow, 200
high-pressure, 152
servicing, 250
wiring diagrams, 275, 316, 331, 366, 374
Fuel pump relay(s), 145, 154-156, 354, 360
Fuel rail, 150
assembly, 156-162
cleaning and inspecting, 253-254
Fuel Sender Assembly, 152-154
Fuel Tank Pressure Sensor (FTPS), 166, 167, 173, 177, 306
Fuel tanks, 150-152, 304, 305
Fuel trim. See also Long-Term Fuel Trim (LTFT); Short-Term Fuel Trim (STFT)
RAM and, 108-111
Fuel vapor control (EVAP), 31, 43, 163-168, 173, 177. See also Canister vapor purge
diagnosis, 220
Engine Coolant Temperature sensor and, 75
enhanced, 165-167
hydrocarbon from, 39
onboard refueling vapor recovery, 168
wiring diagrams, 284, 307, 311, 322, 336, 346, 352, 361, 370

G

Gas-guzzler tax, 51, 185-186
Gasoline. See Fuel
Gauge pressure, 26-27
"Green" (environmental considerations), 38
Ground
short to ground, checking for, 249-250
testing for, 247-249
wiring diagrams, 267, 268, 312, 328

H

Hall effect switch, 58, 69-71
Hard fault, 35
Hard start, 226-227
Heated Oxygen (HO2S) sensor, 76-79, 193, 220, 227
wiring diagrams, 283, 321, 334, 345, 368
Hesitation, diagnosis of, 229-230
High Energy Ignition (HEI), 59-61, 131-132, 172
High performance basics, 190-195
adding fuel, 192
air flow and volumetric efficiency, 190-191
air/fuel ratio, 192
Closed Loop systems, 193-194
fuel metering, 192
ignition control, 194-195
Hot-wire sensors, 58
Hydrocarbon (HC), 38-40, 43, 46, 47, 48
canister purge, 49-50, 163-167
EVAP systems and, 163, 165, 168
gasoline types and, 55
levels, diagnosis of, 218, 225
misfire detection and, 64
non-methane hydrocarbon (NMHC), 45
Hypertech Power Module, 201-202

I

Idle, diagnosis of rough, unstable, or incorrect, 231-232
Idle air control (IAC), 11, 125-128, 175
diagnosis, 218
pintle shape, 127
wiring diagrams, 337, 359, 364, 372
Idle-learn procedure, 262, 263
Idle rpm
actuators, operation of, 125-128
battery voltage correction, 180
checking, 261-263
control, 29-31, 34, 128
Engine Coolant Temperature sensor and, 75
high, 262-263
Idle Air Control and, 175-176
low, 262
Throttle Position sensor and, 82
Idle testing, for emissions, 42-43, 189
Ignition control
modifications, 203
principles of, 194-195
Ignition Control (Coil) Module (ICM), 60, 69, 132-135, 137-139, 203
Ignition system, 11. See also Distributor Ignition (DI); Electronic Ignition (EI)
diagnosis, 218, 227-233
dwell time, increasing, 33-34
modifications, 203
servicing, 254-261
HEI ignition timing, 261
misfires, 258-261
pre-checks, 254-258
wiring diagrams, 269-272, 313-314, 330, 367, 375
Ignition timing. See Spark timing (ignition)
IM240 test, 226
Inches of mercury (in. Hg), 26
Information controls, 143-144
Injectors. See also Port injection; Throttle Body Injection (TBI)
air/fuel ratio control, 118-124, 170
Cold-Start Valve (CSV) (Cold Start Injector (CSI)), 124
controlling amount of fuel injected, 120-121
diagnosis, 218, 227-229
larger capacity injectors, use of, 193
metering, 123
operation, 118
O-rings, 254
pulse time (See Pulse time (pulse-width))
servicing, 253-254
time factors, 123, 172
wiring diagrams, 276-277, 305-306, 317, 332, 347, 354, 359, 365, 373
In-line fuel filter, 152, 154, 227-233
Intake Air Temperature (IAT), 62, 75, 176, 191, 202, 218
Intake Air Temperature (IAT) sensor, 31, 75, 175
analog signals, 105
diagnosis, 227
moving, 202
Intake runners
air carried in, 22
dual, 24
length of, 22
tuned, 22-24
Integrator. See Long-Term Fuel Trim (LTFT)

K

kiloPascal (kPa), 26
Knock
control, 29-30
diagnosis of, 229
spark control and, 63
Knock sensing
Accelerator Pedal Position sensor and, 83
Engine Coolant Temperature sensor and, 75
Knock Sensor (KS), 29, 53, 85, 102, 172
design and operation, 87-88
diagnosis, 228, 230, 232, 233
fuel and, 85-86
wiring diagrams, 273-274, 304, 315, 345, 353, 359, 366

L

L83, 9, 11, 34
actuators
Distributor Ignition (DI), 131-133
Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR),
140
Secondary Air Injection (AIR), 141
142
Thermostatic Air Cleaner
(Thermac) TBI, 130
air injection, 47
control modules, 100-101, 108
engine control strategies, 170, 172-173, 175-178, 180
fuel delivery system, 154-155, 159
injectors, 118-119, 122
modifications, 195-196, 200, 206
sensors
distributor reference, 59-60
engine load, 71
Knock Sensor, 86, 87, 102
locations, 92
MAP, 191
Oxygen, 77-78
Throttle Position, 79, 81
transmission specific, 90
servicing, 250, 252, 254, 256-257, 261-262
trouble codes, 236
wiring diagrams, 362-363
L98, 4, 10, 11, 23, 34
actuators
Distributor Ignition (DI), 131-133
Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR),
140-141
idle air control, 125
locations, 146
Secondary Air Injection (AIR),
141-142
air injection, 47
control modules, 100, 102, 108, 111, 113
diagnosis, 218, 223
circuit check, 213-215
engine control strategies, 170-173, 175-178, 180
fuel delivery system, 150, 154-156, 159-163, 168
injectors, 118, 120-123, 359
modifications, 194-198, 200, 202-207
sensors
distributor reference, 59-60
engine load, 71
HEI, 257-258
Knock Sensor, 85-88, 102
locations, 93, 146
MAF, 254-255
MAP, 191, 256
Oxygen, 77
Throttle Position, 79, 81
transmission specific, 90
servicing, 252, 254, 261-263
trouble codes, 236
wiring diagrams 358-361
Lambda sensor, 76
Light-Emitting Diodes (LEDs), 60
Limp home. See Fuel Backup mode
Logic high, 59
Logic low, 59
Long-Term Fuel Trim (LTFT), 35, 47, 79-80, 110-111, 194
diagnosis, 218, 227, 229, 232
Lookup tables, 106-107
Low-temperature thermostat, 204-205
LS1, 4, 12-13, 23-24, 31, 33, 34
actuators, 132
air-pump relay, 145
cooling fan relays, 145
Electronic Ignition (EI), 136-137,
139
emission control, 139
idle air control, 125
Secondary Air Injection (AIR),
141-143
Throttle Actuator Control, 128
air injection, 47
Computer Aided Gear Shift, 51
control modules, 100, 102, 106, 108, 112, 113, 114
diagnosis, 215, 220, 227, 228, 229, 231, 233
engine control strategies, 170-181
fuel delivery system, 150-168
fuel-vapor canister location, 50
injectors, 118, 121, 122, 276-277, 305-306, 317
modifications, 194-197, 200, 203-205, 207
air/fuel ratio, 192
increasing airflow, 191
National Low Emission Vehicle, 189
octane recommendation, 53
sensors
distributor reference, 59, 64-66, 69
engine load, 71-74
Engine Oil Pressure switch, 88
Knock Sensor, 85, 87-88
locations, 98
MAF, 254, 256
Oxygen, 76-78
Throttle Actuator Control, 82-85
transmission specific, 90
servicing, 246, 250-254, 256, 260-261, 263
Traction Control, 34
trouble codes, 241-244
wiring diagrams 267-327
LS6, 12, 24, 64-66
LT1, 10, 12, 23, 31, 33, 34
actuators
air-pump relay, 145
cooling fan relays, 145
Distributor Ignition (DI), 132,
134-135
emission control, 140
Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR),
140-141
idle air control, 125
locations, 148
Secondary Air Injection (AIR),
141-143
air injection, 47
catalytic converters, 49
control modules, 100, 102-103, 106, 108, 111, 113, 114
diagnosis, 220, 223, 227, 229
engine control strategies, 170-181
fuel delivery system, 150, 153-156, 158-165, 168
fuel-vapor canister location, 50
injectors, 120, 122, 332, 347, 354
modifications, 189, 193-207
OBD-II, 185
sensors
distributor reference, 59-64, 69
engine load, 71-74
Engine Oil Temperature switches,
88
Knock Sensor, 85-88
locations, 95, 96, 97, 148
MAF, 254-255
MAP, 191
Oxygen, 76-78
Throttle Position, 79, 81
transmission specific, 90
servicing, 246, 250, 252-259,
262-263
Traction Control, 34
trouble codes, 237-241
wiring diagrams 328-357
LT4, 10, 12, 31, 33, 34
actuators
air-pump relay, 145
cooling fan relays, 145
Distributor Ignition (DI), 132,
134-136
emission control, 139-140
idle air control, 125
locations, 148
Secondary Air Injection (AIR),
141-143
air injection, 47
catalytic converters, 49
control modules, 100, 102-103, 106, 108, 113, 114
diagnosis, 220, 227, 229
engine control strategies, 170-181
fuel delivery system, 150, 153-156, 158-165, 168
fuel-vapor canister location, 50
injectors, 118, 120, 122, 334
modifications, 194-196, 199-203, 205
sensors
distributor reference, 59-64, 69
engine load, 71-74
Knock Sensor, 85-88
locations, 97, 148
MAF, 254-255
Oxygen, 76-78
Throttle Position, 79, 81
servicing, 246, 250, 252-259, 262-263
Traction Control, 34
trouble codes, 239-241
wiring diagrams 328-343
LT5. See ZR-1 (LT5)

M

Magnetic pickups, 58
Malfunction Indicator Light (MIL), 180, 212, 217, 226
wiring diagrams, 267, 268, 312, 328, 370
Manganese additives, 53, 206
Manifold Absolute Pressure (MAP)
AIR pump operation and, 47
diagnosis, 218
fuel pressure regulation, 160, 162
MAF differentiated, 70
measurement, 26
Manifold Absolute Pressure (MAP) sensor, 31, 72, 74, 162, 177
diagnosis, 229
limp home mode, 33, 103
manual transmission operation, 90
modification, 123, 191
servicing, 254
spark timing and, 195
values, 27
wiring diagram, 306
Manifold pressure, 21, 159-161, 177, 190
Manifolds, modification of, 197
Manual transmission (M/T)
control module, 103
idle learn procedure, 263
information control actuators, 143-144
sensors, 90
wiring diagrams, 285-286, 323, 338, 352, 361
Mass Air Flow (MAF) sensor, 31, 66, 70, 73-74, 103, 123, 177
burn-off, 74
diagnosis, 226, 227
fuel control and, 190, 195
manual transmission operation, 90
modification, 188, 196-198, 206
servicing, 254
wiring diagrams, 306, 309, 336, 346
Memory Calibration (MEM-CAL) assembly, 101, 170
Methane (CH4), 45
Metrics, 7
Milliamps, 58, 111
Millisecond, 121
Misfire detection, 63-64, 69, 193, 220
Misses, diagnosis of, 230
Modes. See Strategies
Modifications. See Tuning
Multiple Spark Discharge (MSD)-Capactive Discharge (CD) module, 203
Multiport fuel injection (MFI), 6, 10, 123-125, 171-172
early systems, 8-9
intake runners in, 22
surge tank, 24
throttle body injection compared, 10-11

N

Negative backpressure EGR, 140-141
Nitrogen oxides. See Oxides of
nitrogen
Non-methane hydrocarbon (NMHC), 45
Non-methane organic gases (NMOG), 45
Nonvolatile RAM (NVRAM), 106, 108-109, 115

O

Octane, 53, 85
On Board Diagnostic (OBD), 115
OBD-I, 35, 210-218
circuit check, 212-215
Data Link Connector, 115
strategy-based diagnostics, 215-218
trouble code style, 235
OBD-II, 35, 114-115, 172, 210-212, 218-226
Data Link Connector, 115-116
diagnostic flowchart, 221
diagnostic investigation, 219
diagnostic worksheet, 222
driving cycles and warm-up cycles, 219-220
Engine Oil Pressure switch, 88
EVAP system, 166-167
intermittent scan, 226
misfire detection, 64, 193, 220
partial, 219
performance tests, 226
post-repair system checks, 226
restoring memory to, 109, 220
scan tool data list, 223
service history and information, 223
trouble code style, 235
tuning and, 185, 189
visual investigation, 220
Onboard Refueling Vapor Recovery (ORVR), 168
One to Four, 144, 145, 186, 338
Open Loop control, 27-28, 31-32, 170, 173-180
Catalytic Converter Protection, 33
Closed Loop, switch to, 176
diagnosis, 211, 218
Fuel Cut-Off, 32
during idle, 34
oxygenates and, 45, 54, 55
Oxygen Sensor operation, 77
Wide Open Throttle acceleration, 32
Operating modes and strategies.
See Strategies
Optispark system, 59-64, 132, 134, 258
Output control and drivers, 111-114
Overheating, 33
Overspeed, 178-179
Oxides of nitrogen (NOx), 38-39, 41, 43, 45-46
lean mixture and, 17
levels, diagnosis of, 218, 225
three-way catalysts, decreased by, 48
Oxygen, 41, 48
Oxygenates, 17-18, 45, 54-55
Oxygen Sensor (O2S), 18, 29, 76-79, 211
AIR pump operation and, 47
analog signals, 105
Closed Loop control, 79, 170-172
design, 76
diagnosis, 218
emission control, 171
heated (See Heated Oxygen (HO2S) sensor)
heating, 77
leaded fuel and, 53
locations, 77-79
Long-Term Fuel Trim and, 35, 110
operation, 76-77
overheating and, 33, 179
removal, 206
Wide Open Throttle acceleration, 32
Ozone, 38, 44-45, 53, 55
venting in distributor, 63, 134

P

Pickup coils, 59-60
PNP switch, 291, 292, 326, 346
Pollutants
air/fuel ratio, effect of, 45-46
measurement, 53
spark timing, effects of, 46
Port injection, 10-11. See also Multiport fuel injection (MFI); Sequential fuel injection (SFI)
air/fuel ratio control, 118-120
fuel pressures, 122
fuel rail, fuel distributed by, 156
Potentiometers, 58
Pounds per square inch (psi), 26
Power, diagnosis of lack of, 228
Power Steering Pressure Switch (PSPS), 90
Power steering pump, 34
Power switch & indicator, ZR-1, 144
Powertrain Control Module (PCM). See Control modules
Pressure Control Solenoid (PCS), 90
Procharger, 198-199
Programmable Read-Only Memory (PROM), 33, 100-103, 106. See also Electronically Erasable PROM (EE-PROM)
aftermarket (APROM), 201
Pulse damper, 161, 163
Pulse time (pulse-width), 121-122, 173, 177, 180
changing, 159-163
Pulse-Width Modulation (PWM), 90, 114, 140, 165, 167

Q

Quad drivers/quad driver modules, 111

R

Ram air intake, 22-25
Random Access Memory (RAM), 35, 103, 106, 108-111, 115
adaptive strategies, 108-111
fuel trim, 109-111
NVRAM storage, 109
Read Only Memory (ROM), 103, 106-108. See also Programmable Read Only Memory (PROM)
data blocks, 107
lookup tables, 106-107
strategy, 107-108
Relays, 145, 154-156, 176
wiring diagrams, 354, 360, 370, 378
Reluctor wheel, 65-66, 69
Rough roads, detecting pattern of, 64
Rpm. See also Crankshaft rpm; Idle rpm
diagnosis, 218
distributor reference system input
signals, 59-60, 64, 67, 69
transmission specific sensors and, 90
Rpm sensor, 33, 103
Run-on, diagnosis of, 232

S

Sag, diagnosis of, 229-230
Scan tools, 114, 212, 220, 247
typical data values, 214-215, 218, 223
Schematics. See Wiring diagrams
Secondary Air Injection (AIR), 24, 127, 141-143, 233. See also Air Injection (AIR)
Secondary air injection (AIR), 307
Secondary Air Inlet Control (SAIC), 24, 127, 129-130
Sensors, 16. See also specific sensors
diagnosis, 227-233
discrete, 59
distributor reference systems, 59-70
engine load, 70-74
limits of inputs, 114
locations, 91-98, 146-148
overview, 58
switch types, 58
terminology, 58
types of, 58
wiring diagrams, 275, 280-282, 306-310, 316, 319, 320, 333, 344, 351, 358, 364, 372, 376
Sequential fuel injection (SFI), 7, 10, 123-125, 171-172
Serial data, 106
Service codes. See Trouble codes
Service Engine Soon (SES) light, 180, 211, 212, 217
Service history and information, 223
Servicing, 245-264
air flow (load) measurement, 254
electrical problems, 247-250
fuel system, 250-254
idle rpm, 261-263
ignition system, 254-261
temperature sensors, 263-264
tools, 246-247
Short-Term Fuel Trim (STFT), 34-35, 47, 79-80, 109-111, 177, 194
Short to ground, checking for, 249-250
Signal generators, 58
Skip shift, 145
Sluggishness, diagnosis of, 228
Smog formation, 44-45, 52-53, 168, 189
Spark control, 131-139, 177-179
Distributor Ignition (DI), 131-135
Electronic Ignition (EI), 136-139
improvement of, 62-63
Spark scatter, 62-63, 134
Spark timing (ignition), 18-20, 31, 172, 175, 177
bypass timing, 59-60, 175
CranKshaft Position (CKP) sensor and, 64-65, 67, 69
dwell control, 19
Engine Coolant Temperature sensor and, 75
High Energy Ignition (HEI), 59-60
idle speed control by, 128
knock control, 29-30
Knock Sensor and, 85, 102, 172
modifications, 194-195
Net-build timing, 68
Optispark operation, 62-63
pollutants, effects on, 46
servicing, 254, 261
Throttle Position sensor and, 82
variations in, 19
warm-up strategy, 176
Speed density systems, 70, 74-75, 191
Sponginess, diagnosis of, 228
Spring pressure, 160
Stalling, diagnosis of, 231-232
Starts
cold engine, start and warmup of, 32, 38-39, 173-177
CranKshaft Position (CKP) sensor and, 65, 67-68
hard, diagnosis of, 226-227
spark control for, 62-63
Steady-state emissions tests, 42-43
Stoichiometric (ideal) air/fuel ratio, 17-18, 45, 193-194
Stop lamp, 279, 318
Strategies, 30-34, 169-181. See also Closed Loop control; Open Loop
control
acceleration enrichment, 177
battery voltage correction, 33-34, 180
catalytic converter protection, 33
clear flood, 32, 177
fuel backup (limp home) (See Fuel Backup mode (limp home))
fuel cut-off (See Fuel Cut-Off mode)
overview, 170
spark control (See Spark control)
start and warmup of cold engine, 32, 38-39, 173-177
traction control, 34, 128
Wide Open Throttle acceleration (See Wide Open Throttle)
Street-legal, 185, 187-189
Stumble, diagnosis of, 229-230
Supercharging, 24, 198-200
Suppliers, representative, 207-208
Surges, diagnosis of, 227-228
Surge tank, 24
Switches, 58
air conditioner, 90
brake, 90, 247
clutch, 308
Engine Oil Pressure, 88, 154
Engine Oil Temperature, 88
Evaporative Emission (EVAP)
vacuum purge, 311
feedforward, 88-90
Fluid Pressure, 90
Hall effect, 58, 69-71
park/neutral position and back up, 310, 311
PNP switch, 291, 292, 326, 346
power switch & indicator, ZR-1, 144
stop lamp, 279
wiring diagrams, 279, 291, 292, 308, 310, 311

T

Tank Pressure Control Valve, 163, 165
Temperature, effect on spark timing of, 18
Temperature sensors. See Engine Coolant Temperature (ECT)
Terminology, 6-7, 58, 117
Thermistors, 58, 75
Thermostat, low-temperature, 204-205
Thermostatic Air Cleaner (Thermac) L83 TBI, 130
Three-way catalysts (TWC), 48, 228, 230-233
Throttle, 8, 11, 21. See also Wide Open Throttle (WOT)
Throttle Actuator Control (TAC), 11, 82-84, 128, 215, 263, 302-303. See also Throttle Position (TP) sensor
Throttle body
carbon buildup, 263
modifying, 196
Throttle body injection (TBI), 6, 9, 118-120, 122, 130, 172
air/fuel ratio, 18
multiport systems compared, 9-10
Throttle Position (TP) sensor, 32, 33, 79-85, 90, 103
analog signals, 105
diagnosis, 229
wiring diagrams, 280, 289, 290, 319
Timer core, 59-60
Tools, 114, 246-247. See also Scan tools
Torque Converter Clutch (TCC), 90
diagnosis, 228, 229, 231, 233
Pulse-Width Modulator (PWM), 90
Throttle Position sensor and, 82
unlocking, 128
Torque Converter Clutch (TCC) lockup, 75, 90, 179
Traction control, 34, 128. See also Electronic Brake and Traction Control Module (EBTCM)
Transients emission tests, 42
Transmission control, 103
Transmission specific sensors, 90
Trouble codes, 35, 114-115, 185, 189, 226, 235-244. See also On Board Diagnostic (OBD)
continuous test, 180-181
dashboard display of DTCs, 224
Tuned port injection (TPI), 10
Tuning, 184-208
bolt-ons and modifications, 195-203
ignition system, 202-203
legal issues, 187-188
questionable tricks, 203-206
complete engines/complete cars, 203
high performance basics, 190-195
legal issues, 185-188
overview, 184
planning for performance, 189-190
representative suppliers, 207-208
street or track, legality of parts for, 188-190
Turbocharging, 24

V

Valve timing and lift, 190
Vapor lock, 152
Vehicle Speed Sensor (VSS), 88, 90, 289-290, 325, 345, 353, 366
Volatile organic compounds (VOC), 45
Voltage, testing for, 247-249
Voltage control, 111
Voltage correction, battery, 180
Voltage drop test, 248-249
Voltage reference (VREF), 58, 82, 111
Volumetric efficiency, 24-25, 190-191
Vortech, 199-200

W

Warm-up cycles, OBD-II diagnostics, 219-220
Warmup of cold engine. See Starts
Wheel speed sensors, 88, 128
Wide Open Throttle (WOT), 32, 110, 177-178, 192
adding more fuel, 193-193
EGR operation and, 141
Manifold Absolute Pressure (MAP), 27
oxygenates and, 45, 54, 55
pulse times, 122
Throttle Position sensor and, 81
traction control and, 34
volumetric efficiency and, 24-25

Z

ZR-1 (LT5), 4, 10-12, 22, 24, 33, 34
actuators
air-pump relay, 145
Electronic Ignition (EI), 136-137
emission control, 139-140
Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR),
141
fuel-pump relays, 145
idle air control, 125
Ignition Control Module (ICM),
137-139
locations, 147
manual transmission information controls, 143-144
power switch & indicator, 144
Secondary Air Injection (AIR), 141
Secondary Air Inlet Control (SAIC),
129-130
air injection, 47
backpressure, effect of, 189
catalytic converters, 49
control modules, 100, 102, 106, 113, 114
diagnosis, 227, 228, 229, 231, 233
engine control strategies, 170-173, 175-178, 180
fuel delivery system, 150, 153, 156-163, 165, 168
fuel pressure, 252
fuel-vapor canister location, 50
injectors, 118, 120, 122, 365, 373
modifications, 194-195, 200, 202, 206-208
OBD, 185
sensors
distributor reference, 59, 67-70
engine load, 70-71
Engine Oil Temperature switches,
88
Knock Sensor, 85-86, 88
locations, 94, 147
MAP, 191
Oxygen, 76-78
Throttle Position, 79, 81
transmission specific, 90
servicing, 246, 250, 252-254, 256, 259-260, 262-263
trouble codes, 236
wiring diagrams 364-379